Veerashaiva
Veerashaivism is a sect within the Shaivism fold of Hinduism . According to tradition, it was transmitted by Panchacharyas , ( Kannada: ಪಂಚಾಚಾರ್ಯರು, romanized: paṃcācāraya from Sanskrit: पञ्चाचार्य, romanized: pañcācārya ), or five acharya s: Renukacharya , Darukacharya , Ekorama , Panditharadhya , Vishwaradhya , and first taught by Renukacharya to Agastya , a Vedic seer. The preachings of Jagadguru Renukacharya Bhagavadpada to rishi Agastya is recorded in the form of a book, Shri Siddhantha Shikhamani , which is regarded as an important holy book for the Veerashaivas. This text is likely an 8th century work, and it likely contains the earliest reference to Veerashaivism in literature. [1]
Veershaivas commonly carry titles like Appa , Rao , Desai and so forth. Title of 'Prataprao' was given to Desai Mallasarja by Bajirao Peshwa for his bravery. [2] [3]
Difference from Lingayatism
[edit]Veerashaivas are followers of Lord Shiva, and their tradition predates the establishment of Lingayatism, which was later popularized by Basavanna. While Lingayatism is a specific movement within the broader tradition of Veerashaivism, the core belief of both groups is the exclusive worship of Shiva. Unlike other sects, Veerashaivas do not venerate any deity other than Shiva.
Historically, Veerashaivism has been spread across India and has a long tradition, with many adherents practicing devotion through the linga (a symbol of Shiva). The Veerashaiva tradition is significant for its emphasis on personal worship and rejection of the caste system, which aligns with the philosophical principles championed by Basavanna.
Within the broader umbrella of Shaivism, there are numerous sects, such as Pashupatha, Soma, Dakshina, and others, each of which represents different interpretations and practices related to the worship of Shiva.[4][5]
Guru lineage
[edit]A small manuscript named Vira-Saiva-Guru-Parampara details the following guru lineage for Veerashaivism in order of priority: Visvesvara Guru, Ekorama, Viresaradhya, Virabhadra, Viranaradhya, Manikyaradhya, Buccayyaradhya, Vira Mallesvaradhya, Desikaradhya, Vrsabha, Aksaka, and Mukha Lingesvara. [1] Viranaradhya is the father of the 18th-century Telugu Veerashaivite acharya Mulugu Papayaradhya . [6]
In the Virasaiva Agama, it is mentioned that in four main pontiff seats (Yoga Peetha, Maha Peetha, Jnana Peetha, and Soma Peetha), there are four gurus of different priority: Revana, Marula, Vamadeva, and Panditaradhya. [1]
Panchacharyas
[edit]According to tradition, the Panchacharyas arose out of five great Sthavaralingas [7] located in Veerasimhasana of Rambhapuri in Balehonnuru ( Karnataka ), Ujjain in Madhyapradesh , Kedar in Uttarakhand , Srisailam in Andhra Pradesh , and Kashi or Banaras in Uttar Pradesh under different names in different Yuga s . The Panchacharyas established five peethas , which play an important role in Veerashaiva. [8]
The five peethas of Veerashaiva
[edit]- Veerasimhasana of Rambhapuri in Balehonnuru ( Karnataka )
- Saddharma Shimhasana of ( Ujjain ) ( Madhyapradesh ) later moved to Ujjini ( Karnataka )
- Vairagya Shimhasana of Kedar ( Uttarakhand )
- Surya Shimhasana of Srisailam ( Andhra Pradesh ) and
- Jnana Shimhasana of Kasi ( Uttar Pradesh ) [9]
Peethas
[edit]Veerashaivism is continued to this day and is preserved and transmitted by five peethas (Rambhapuri, Ujjaini, Kedar, Shreeshail, Kashi), who play an essential role in the Veerashaiva tradition. [10]
Philosophy
[edit]The philosophy of Veerashaivism is explained in Siddhanta Shikhamani . While the Veerashaiva-tradition incorporates Vedic elements, the origin of panchacharyas has been explained in Sivagamas , especially in Svayambhuva Agama , Suprabhedagama and Viragama . The earlier portions of Agama literature are the fundamental source of Saiva religion, while the latter portions are of special importance to Veerashaivism. However, Veerashaivism differs from Agamic Shaivism and Pasupata Shaivism in its philosophy, in its doctrine of sthala, in the special kind of lingadharana, and in certain ritualistic elements. [1] [11] [12]
- ^ a b c d Dasgupta (2 January 1955). A History of Indian Philosophy: Volume 5. Cambridge University Press. pp. 46–47. ISBN 978-0-521-04782-1.
- ^ Singh, K. S. (1996). Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles. Anthropological Survey of India. ISBN 978-0-19-563357-3.
- ^ Naikar, Basavaraj (17 October 2016). The Queen of Kittur: A Historical Novel. Partridge Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4828-8619-1.
- ^ "Difference between Veerashaivas and Lingayats". WION. 21 March 2018. Retrieved 18 November 2024.
- ^ "Lingayat | Veerashaiva, Karnataka, Shaivism | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 20 October 2024. Retrieved 18 November 2024.
- ^ Śrīrāmamūrti, Pōcañcarla (1972). Contribution of Andhra to Sanskrit Literature. Andhra University. p. 163.
- ^ Veerashaivism in India. Sadhana Book Stall. 22 January 1995.
- ^ eGangotri. Shri Jagadguru Panchacharya Vijay ( Marathi) Shaiva Bharati Shodha Pratishthan.
- ^ Patil, Shankaragouda Hanamantagouda (2002). Community Dominance and Political Modernisation: The Lingayats. Mittal Publications. ISBN 978-81-7099-867-9.
- ^ Burghart, Richard; Cantlie, Audrey (1985). Indian Religion. Curzon Press. ISBN 978-0-7007-0168-1.
- ^ Social Structure of the Veerashaiva Saints: Principles of Veerashaivism. M. Manjappa Hardekar. 1990.
- ^ Ghugare, Suryakant Balasaheb (1995). Veerashaivism in India. Sadhana Book Stall.